Table 18. Meta-Analysis: Efficacy of and estimated abstinence rates for number of formats (n=54 studies)

Brandon TH, Zelman DC, Baker TB. Effects of maintenance sessions on smoking relapse: Delaying the inevitable? J Consult Clin Psychol 1987;55(5):780-2.

British Thoracic Society. Comparison of four methods of smoking withdrawal in patients with smoking related diseases. Br Med J 1983;286(6366):595-7.

Bronson DL, Flynn BS, Solomon LJ, Vacek P, Secker-Walker RH. Smoking cessation counseling during periodic health examinations. Arch Intern Med 1989;149(7):1653-6.

Carlsson R, Lindberg G, Westin L, Israelsson B. Influence of coronary nursing management follow up on lifestyle after acute myocardial infarction. Heart 1997;77(3):256-59.

Colletti G, Supnick JA. Continued therapist contact as a maintenance strategy for smoking reduction. J Consult Clin Psychol 1980;48(5):665-7.

Cottraux JA, Harf R, Boissel JP, Schbath J, Bouvard M, Gillet J. Smoking cessation with behaviour therapy or acupuncture—A controlled study. Behav Res Ther 1983;21(4):417-24.

Curry SJ, McBride C, Grothaus LC, Louie D, Wagner EH. A randomized trial of self-help materials, personalized feedback, and telephone counseling with nonvolunteer smokers. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1995;63(6):1005-14.

Danaher BG, Jeffery RW, Zimmerman R, Nelson E. Aversive smoking using printed instructions and audiotape adjuncts. Addict Behav 1980;5:353-8.

Davies BL, Matte-Lewis MBL, O'Connor AM, Dulberg CS, Drake ER. Evaluation of the "Time to Quit" self-help smoking cessation program. Can J Public Health 1992;83(1):19-23.

DeBusk RF, Miller NH, Superko HR, Dennis CA, Thomas RJ, Lew HT et al. A case-management system for coronary risk factor modification after acute myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 1994;120(9):721-9.

Fagerberg B, Wikstrand J, Berglund G, Samuelsson O, Agewall S. Mortality rates in treated hypertensive men with additional risk factors are high but can be reduced: a randomized intervention study. Am J Hypertens 1998;11(1 Pt 1):14-22.

Fortmann SP, Killen JD, Telch MJ, Newman B. Minimal contact treatment for smoking cessation. A placebo controlled trial of nicotine polacrilex and self-directed relapse prevention: Initial results of the Stanford Stop Smoking Project. JAMA 1988;260(11):1575-80.

Fortmann SP, Killen JD. Nicotine gum and self-help behavioral treatment for smoking relapse prevention: results from a trial using population-based recruitment. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1995;63(3):460-68.

Glasgow RE, Schafer L, O'Neill HK. Self-help books and amount of therapist contact in smoking cessation programs. J Consult Clin Psychol 1981;49(5):659-67.

Gritz ER, Berman BA, Bastani R, Wu M. A randomized trial of a self-help smoking cessation intervention in a nonvolunteer female population: Testing the limits of the public health model. Health Psychol 1992;11(5):280-9.

Hall SM, Tunstall CD, Vila KL, Duffy J. Weight gain prevention and smoking cessation: Cautionary findings. Am J Public Health 1992;82(6):799-803.

Hall SM, Munoz RF, Reus VI, Sees KL, Duncan C, Humfleet GL et al. Mood management and nicotine gum in smoking treatment: a therapeutic contact and placebo-controlled study. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1996;64(5):1003-9.

Hilleman DE, Mohiuddin SM, Delcore MG, Lucas BD, Jr. Randomized, controlled trial of transdermal clonidine for smoking cessation. Ann Pharmacother 1993;27(9):1025-8.

Hollis JF, Lichtenstein E, Vogt TM, Stevens VJ, Biglan A. Nurse-assisted counseling for smokers in primary care. Ann Intern Med 1993;118(7):521-5.

Hughes GH, Hymowitz N, Ockene JK, Simon N, Vogt TM. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). V. Intervention on smoking. Prev Med 1981;10(4):476-500.

Humerfelt S, Eide GE, Kvale G, Aaro LE, Gulsvik A. Effectiveness of postal smoking cessation advice: a randomized controlled trial in young men with reduced FEV1 and asbestos exposure. European Respiratory Journal 1998;11(2):284-90.

Hyman GJ, Stanley RO, Burrows GD, Horne DJ. Treatment effectiveness of hypnosis and behaviour therapy in smoking cessation: A methodological refinement. Addict Behav 1986;11(4):355-65.

Jorenby DE, Smith SS, Fiore MC, Hurt RD, Offord KP, Croghan IT et al. Varying nicotine patch dose and type of smoking cessation counseling [see comments]. JAMA 1995;274(17):1347-52.

Killen JD, Fortmann SP, Newman B, Varady A. Evaluation of a treatment approach combining nicotine gum with self-guided behavioral treatments for smoking relapse prevention. J Consult Clin Psychol 1990;58(1):85-92.

Lando HA. Effects on preparation, experimenter contact, and a maintained reduction alternative on a broad-spectrum program for eliminating smoking. Addict Behav 1981;6(2):123-33.

Lando HA, Pirie PL, McGovern PG, Pechacek TF, Swim J, Loken B. A comparison of self-help approaches to smoking cessation. Addict Behav 1991;16(5):183-93.

Lando HA, Pirie PL, Roski J, McGovern PG, Schmid LA. Promoting abstinence among relapsed chronic smokers: the effect of telephone support. American Journal of Public Health 1996;86(12):1786-90.

Lando HA, Rolnick S, Klevan D, Roski J, Cherney L, Lauger G. Telephone support as an adjunct to transdermal nicotine in smoking cessation. American Journal of Public Health 1997;87(10):1670-4.

Lewis SF, Piasecki TM, Fiore MC, Anderson JE, Baker TB. Transdermal nicotine replacement for hospitalized patients: a randomized clinical trial. Preventive Medicine 1998;27(2):296-303.

Martin JE, Calfas KJ, Patten CA, Polarek M, Hofstetter CR, Noto J et al. Prospective evaluation of three smoking interventions in 205 recovering alcoholics: one-year results of Project SCRAP-Tobacco. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1997;65(1):190-4.

Mayer JP, Hawkins B, Todd R. A randomized evaluation of smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women at a WIC clinic. Am J Public Health 1990;80(1):76-8.

Ockene JK, Kristeller J, Goldberg R, Amick TL, Pekow PS, Hosmer D et al. Increasing the efficacy of physician-delivered smoking interventions: A randomized clinical trial (see comments). J Gen Intern Med 1991;6(1):1-8.

Ockene JK, Kristeller JL, Goldberg R, Ockene I, Merriam P, Barrett S et al. Smoking cessation and severity of disease: The Coronary Artery Smoking Intervention Study. Health Psychol 1992;11(2):119-26.

Ossip-Klein DJ, Carosella AM, Krusch DA. Self-help interventions for older smokers [see comments]. Tobacco Control 1997;6(3):188-93.

Patel C, Marmot MG, Terry DJ, et al. Trial of relaxation in reducing coronary risk: Four year follow up. Br Med J 1985;290(6475):1103-6.

Pederson LL, Scrimgeour WG, Lefcoe NM. Comparison of hypnosis plus counseling, counseling alone, and hypnosis alone in a community service smoking withdrawal program. J Consult Clin Psychol 1975;43(6):920.

Pederson LL, Wanklin JM, Lefcoe NM. The effects of counseling on smoking cessation among patients hospitalized with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized clinical trial. Int J Addict 1991;26(1):107-19.

Pirie PL, McBride CM, Hellerstedt W, Jeffery RW, Hatsukami D, Allen S et al. Smoking cessation in women concerned about weight. Am J Public Health 1992;82(9):1238-43.

Prue DM, Davis CJ, Martin JE, Moss RA. An investigation of a minimal contact brand fading program for smoking treatment. Addict Behav 1983;8(3):307-10.

Rabkin SW, Boyko E, Shane F, Kaufert J. A randomized trial comparing smoking cessation programs utilizing behaviour modification, health education or hypnosis. Addict Behav 1984;9:157-73.

Reid DD, Brett GZ, Hamilton PJS, Jarrett RJ, Keen H, Rose G. Cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among middle-aged male civil servants. Lancet 1974;469-73.

Rigotti NA, Arnsten JH, McKool KM, Wood-Reid KM, Pasternak RC, Singer et al. Efficacy of a smoking cessation program for hospital patients. Archives of Internal Medicine 1997;157(22):2653-60.

Sivarajan ES, Newton KM, Almes MJ, Kempf TMMLW, Bruce RA. The patient after myocardial infarction. Limited effects of outpatient teaching and counseling after myocardial infarction: A controlled study. Heart Lung 1983;12(1):65-73.

Slama K, Redman S, Perkins J, Reid AL, Sanson-Fisher RW. The effectiveness of two smoking cessation programmes for use in general practice: A randomised clinical trial. Br Med J 1990;300(6741):1707-9.

Stevens VJ, Severson H, Lictenstein E, Little SJ, Leben J. Making the most of a teachable moment: Smokeless tobacco intervention in the dental office setting. Am J Public Health 1995;85(2):231-5.

Stewart PJ, Rosser WW. The impact of routine advice on smoking cessation from family physicians. Can Med Assoc J 1982;126(9):1051-4.

Taylor CB, Houston-Miller N, Haskell WL, DeBusk RF. Smoking cessation after acute myocardial infarction: The effects of exercise training. Addict Behav 1988;13(4):331-5.

Taylor CB, Houston-Miller N, Killen JD, DeBusk RF. Smoking cessation after acute myocardial infarction: Effects of a nurse-managed intervention. Ann Intern Med 1990;113(2):118-23.

Thompson B, Kinne S, Lewis FM, Woolridge JA. Randomized telephone smoking-intervention trial initially directed at blue-collar workers. Monogr Natl Cancer Inst 1993;(14):105-12.

Tonnesen P, Mikkelsen K, Markholst C, Ibsen A, Bendixen M, Pedersen L et al. Nurse-conducted smoking cessation with minimal intervention in a lung clinic: a randomized controlled study. European Respiratory Journal 1996;9(11):2351-5.

Vetter NJ, Ford D. Smoking prevention among people aged 60 and over: A randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing 1990;19(3):164-8.

Weissfeld JL, Holloway JL. Treatment for cigarette smoking in a Department of Veterans Affairs outpatient clinic. Arch Intern Med 1991;151(5):973-7.

Williams JM, Hall DW. Use of single session hypnosis for smoking cessation. Addict Behav 1988;13(2):205-8.

Zhu SH, Stretch V, Balabanis M, Rosbrook B, Sadler G, Pierce JP. Telephone counseling for smoking cessation: effects of single-session and multiple-session interventions. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1996;64(1):202-211.

Return to Contents


Table 19. Meta-Analysis: Efficacy of and estimated abstinence rates for number of types of self-help (n=21 studies)

British Thoracic Society. Comparison of four methods of smoking withdrawal in patients with smoking related diseases. Br Med J 1983;286(6366):595-7.

Cottraux JA, Harf R, Boissel JP, Schbath J, Bouvard M, Gillet J. Smoking cessation with behaviour therapy or acupuncture—A controlled study. Behav Res Ther 1983;21(4):417-24.

Curry SJ, McBride C, Grothaus LC, Louie D, Wagner EH. A randomized trial of self-help materials, personalized feedback, and telephone counseling with nonvolunteer smokers. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1995;63(6):1005-14.

Davis AL, Faust R, Ordentlich M. Self-help smoking cessation and maintenance programs: A comparative study with 12-month follow-up by the American Lung Association. Am J Public Health 1984;74(11):1212-7.

DeBusk RF, Miller NH, Superko HR, Dennis CA, Thomas RJ, Lew HT et al. A case-management system for coronary risk factor modification after acute myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 1994;120(9):721-9.

Fortmann SP, Killen JD. Nicotine gum and self-help behavioral treatment for smoking relapse prevention: results from a trial using population-based recruitment. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1995;63(3):460-8.

Glasgow RE, Schafer L, O'Neill HK. Self-help books and amount of therapist contact in smoking cessation programs. J Consult Clin Psychol 1981;49(5):659-67.

Gritz ER, Berman BA, Bastani R, Wu M. A randomized trial of a self-help smoking cessation intervention in a nonvolunteer female population: Testing the limits of the public health model. Health Psychol 1992;11(5):280-9.

Hall SM, Tunstall CD, Vila KL, Duffy J. Weight gain prevention and smoking cessation: Cautionary findings. Am J Public Health 1992;82(6):799-803.

Hall SM, Munoz RF, Reus VI, Sees KL, Duncan C, Humfleet GL et al. Mood management and nicotine gum in smoking treatment: a therapeutic contact and placebo-controlled study. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1996;64(5):1003-9.

Humerfelt S, Eide GE, Kvale G, Aaro LE, Gulsvik A. Effectiveness of postal smoking cessation advice: a randomized controlled trial in young men with reduced FEV1 and asbestos exposure. European Respiratory Journal 1998;11(2):284-90.

Killen JD, Fortmann SP, Davis L, Varady A. Nicotine patch and self-help video for cigarette smoking cessation. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1997;65(4):663-72.

Lando HA. Effects on preparation, experimenter contact, and a maintained reduction alternative on a broad-spectrum program for eliminating smoking. Addict Behav 1981;6(2):123-33.

Lando HA, McGovern PG. Nicotine fading as a nonaversive alternative in a broad-spectrum treatment for eliminating smoking. Addict Behav 1985;10(2):153-61.

Lando HA, Pirie PL, McGovern PG, Pechacek TF, Swim J, Loken B. A comparison of self-help approaches to smoking cessation. Addict Behav 1991;16(5):183-93.

Lando HA, Rolnick S, Klevan D, Roski J, Cherney L, Lauger G. Telephone support as an adjunct to transdermal nicotine in smoking cessation. American Journal of Public Health 1997;87(10):1670-4.

Martin JE, Calfas KJ, Patten CA, Polarek M, Hofstetter CR, Noto J et al. Prospective evaluation of three smoking interventions in 205 recovering alcoholics: one-year results of Project SCRAP-Tobacco. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1997;65(1):190-4.

Ockene JK, Kristeller J, Goldberg R, Amick TL, Pekow PS, Hosmer D et al. Increasing the efficacy of physician-delivered smoking interventions: A randomized clinical trial (see comments). J Gen Intern Med 1991;6(1):1-8.

Pirie PL, McBride CM, Hellerstedt W, Jeffery RW, Hatsukami D, Allen S et al. Smoking cessation in women concerned about weight. Am J Public Health 1992;82(9):1238-43.

Stewart PJ, Rosser WW. The impact of routine advice on smoking cessation from family physicians. Can Med Assoc J 1982;126(9):1051-4.

Thompson B, Kinne S, Lewis FM, Woolridge JA. Randomized telephone smoking-intervention trial initially directed at blue-collar workers. Monogr Natl Cancer Inst 1993;(14):105-12.

Return to Contents


Table 20. Meta-analysis: Efficacy of and estimated abstinence rates for various types of counseling and behavioral therapies (n = 62 studies)

Barbarin OA. Comparison of symbolic and overt aversion in the self-control of smoking. J Consult Clin Psychol 1978;46(6):1569-71.

Barkley RA, Hastings JE, Jackson TL, Jr. The effects of rapid smoking and hypnosis in the treatment of smoking behavior. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 1977;25(1):7-17.

Bronson DL, Flynn BS, Solomon LJ, Vacek P, Secker-Walker RH. Smoking cessation counseling during periodic health examinations. Arch Intern Med 1989;149(7):1653-6.

Brown RA, Lichtenstein E, McIntyre KO, Kostur-Harrington J. Effects of nicotine fading and relapse prevention on smoking cessation. J Consult Clin Psychol 1984;52(2):307-8.

Burling TA, Marotta J, Gonzalez R, Moltzen JO, Eng AM, Schmidt GA et al. Computerized smoking cessation program for the worksite: Treatment outcome and feasibility. J Consult Clin Psychol 1989;57(5):619-22.

Bushnell FK, Forbes B, Goffaux J, Dietrich M, Wells N. Smoking cessation in military personnel. Mil Med 1997;162(11):715-9.

Carlsson R, Lindberg G, Westin L, Israelsson B. Influence of coronary nursing management follow up on lifestyle after acute myocardial infarction. Heart 1997;77(3):256-59.

Cinciripini PM, Lapitsky L, Seay S, Wallfisch A, Kitchens K, Van V. The effects of smoking schedules on cessation outcome: can we improve on common methods of gradual and abrupt nicotine withdrawal? Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1995;63(3):388-99.

Cottraux JA, Harf R, Boissel JP, Schbath J, Bouvard M, Gillet J. Smoking cessation with behaviour therapy or acupuncture—A controlled study. Behav Res Ther 1983;21(4):417-24.

Curry SJ, McBride C, Grothaus LC, Louie D, Wagner EH. A randomized trial of self-help materials, personalized feedback, and telephone counseling with nonvolunteer smokers. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1995;63(6):1005-14.

Danaher BG, Jeffery RW, Zimmerman R, Nelson E. Aversive smoking using printed instructions and audiotape adjuncts. Addict Behav 1980;5:353-8.

Davies BL, Matte-Lewis MBL, O'Connor AM, Dulberg CS, Drake ER. Evaluation of the "Time to Quit" self-help smoking cessation program. Can J Public Health 1992;83(1):19-23.

Davis JR, Glaros AG. Relapse prevention and smoking cessation. Addict Behav 1986;11:105-14.

DeBusk RF, Miller NH, Superko HR, Dennis CA, Thomas RJ, Lew HT et al. A case-management system for coronary risk factor modification after acute myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 1994;120(9):721-9.

Fagerberg B, Wikstrand J, Berglund G, Samuelsson O, Agewall S. Mortality rates in treated hypertensive men with additional risk factors are high but can be reduced: a randomized intervention study. Am J Hypertens 1998;11(1 Pt 1):14-22.

Gilbert JR, Wilson DM, Singer J, Lindsay EA, Willms DG, Best JA et al. A family physician smoking cessation program: An evaluation of the role of follow-up visits. Am J Prev Med 1992;8(2):91-5.

Gillams J, Lewith GT, Machin D. Acupuncture and group therapy in stopping smoking. Practitioner 1984;228(1389):341-4.

Glasgow RE, Schafer L, O'Neill HK. Self-help books and amount of therapist contact in smoking cessation programs. J Consult Clin Psychol 1981;49(5):659-67.

Goldstein MG, Niaura R, Follick MJ, Abrams DB. Effects of behavioral skills training and schedule of nicotine gum administration on smoking cessation. Am J Psychiatry 1989;146(1):56-60.

Gunther V, Gritsch S, Meise U. Smoking cessation—gradual or sudden stopping? Drug Alcohol Depend 1992;29(3):231-6.

Hackett G, Horan JJ. Partial component analysis of a comprehensive smoking program. Addict Behav 1979;4(3):259-62.

Hall SM, Tunstall CD, Ginsberg D, Benowitz NL, Jones RT, et al. Nicotine gum and behavioral treatment: A placebo-controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 1987;55(4):603-5.

Hall SM, Tunstall CD, Vila KL, Duffy J. Weight gain prevention and smoking cessation: Cautionary findings. Am J Public Health 1992;82(6):799-803.

Hall SM, Munoz RF, Reus VI. Cognitive-behavioral intervention increase abstinence rates for depressive-history smokers. J Consult Clin Psychol 1994;62(1):141-6.

Hall SM, Munoz RF, Reus VI, Sees KL, Duncan C, Humfleet GL et al. Mood management and nicotine gum in smoking treatment: a therapeutic contact and placebo-controlled study. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1996;64(5):1003-9.

Hall SM, Reus VI, Munoz RF, Sees KL, Humfleet G, Hartz DT et al. Nortriptyline and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of cigarette smoking [see comments]. Archives of General Psychiatry 1998;55(8):683-90.

Hollis JF, Lichtenstein E, Vogt TM, Stevens VJ, Biglan A. Nurse-assisted counseling for smokers in primary care. Ann Intern Med 1993;118(7):521-5.

Hughes GH, Hymowitz N, Ockene JK, Simon N, Vogt TM. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). V. Intervention on smoking. Prev Med 1981;10(4):476-500.

Jorenby DE, Smith SS, Fiore MC, Hurt RD, Offord KP, Croghan IT et al. Varying nicotine patch dose and type of smoking cessation counseling [see comments]. JAMA 1995;274(17):1347-52.

Lando HA. A comparison of excessive and rapid smoking in the modification of chronic smoking behavior. J Consult Clin Psychol 1975;43(3):350-5.

Lando HA. Self-pacing in eliminating chronic smoking: Serendipity revisited? Behav Ther 1976;7:634-40.

Lando HA. Successful treatment of smokers with a broad-spectrum behavioral approach. J Consult Clin Psychol 1977;45(3):361-6.

Lando HA, McGovern PG. Nicotine fading as a nonaversive alternative in a broad-spectrum treatment for eliminating smoking. Addict Behav 1985;10(2):153-61.

Lewis SF, Piasecki TM, Fiore MC, Anderson JE, Baker TB. Transdermal nicotine replacement for hospitalized patients: a randomized clinical trial. Preventive Medicine 1998;27(2):296-303.

Marcus BH, Albrecht AE, Niaura RS, Taylor ER, Simkin LR, Feder SI et al. Exercise enhances the maintenance of smoking cessation in women. Addictive Behaviors 1995;20(1):87-92.

Martin JE, Calfas KJ, Patten CA, Polarek M, Hofstetter CR, Noto J et al. Prospective evaluation of three smoking interventions in 205 recovering alcoholics: one-year results of Project SCRAP-Tobacco. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1997;65(1):190-4.

Nevid JS, Javier RA. Preliminary investigation of a culturally specific smoking cessation intervention for Hispanic smokers. American Journal of Health Promotion 1997;11(3):198-207.

Ockene JK, Kristeller J, Goldberg R, Amick TL, Pekow PS, Hosmer D et al. Increasing the efficacy of physician-delivered smoking interventions: A randomized clinical trial (see comments). J Gen Intern Med 1991;6(1):1-8.

Ockene JK, Kristeller JL, Goldberg R, Ockene I, Merriam P, Barrett S et al. Smoking cessation and severity of disease: The Coronary Artery Smoking Intervention Study. Health Psychol 1992;11(2):119-26.

Ossip-Klein DJ, Carosella AM, Krusch DA. Self-help interventions for older smokers [see comments]. Tobacco Control 1997;6(3):188-93.

Patel C, Marmot MG, Terry DJ, et al. Trial of relaxation in reducing coronary risk: Four year follow up. Br Med J 1985;290(6475):1103-6.

Patten CA, Martin JE, Myers MG, Calfas KJ, Williams CD. Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for smokers with histories of alcohol dependence and depression. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 1998;59(3):327-35.

Pederson LL, Scrimgeour WG, Lefcoe NM. Comparison of hypnosis plus counseling, counseling alone, and hypnosis alone in a community service smoking withdrawal program. J Consult Clin Psychol 1975;43(6):920.

Pederson LL, Wanklin JM, Lefcoe NM. The effects of counseling on smoking cessation among patients hospitalized with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized clinical trial. Int J Addict 1991;26(1):107-19.

Pirie PL, McBride CM, Hellerstedt W, Jeffery RW, Hatsukami D, Allen S et al. Smoking cessation in women concerned about weight. Am J Public Health 1992;82(9):1238-43.

Poole AD, Sanson-Fisher RW, German GA. The rapid-smoking technique: Therapeutic effectiveness. Behav Res Ther 1981;19(5):389-97.

Prue DM, Davis CJ, Martin JE, Moss RA. An investigation of a minimal contact brand fading program for smoking treatment. Addict Behav 1983;8(3):307-10.

Rabkin SW, Boyko E, Shane F, Kaufert J. A randomized trial comparing smoking cessation programs utilizing behaviour modification, health education or hypnosis. Addict Behav 1984;9:157-73.

Rand CS, Stitzer ML, Bigelow GE, Mead AM. The effects of contingent payment and frequent workplace monitoring on smoking abstinence. Addict Behav 1989;14(2):121-8.

Reid DD, Brett GZ, Hamilton PJS, Jarrett RJ, Keen H, Rose G. Cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among middle-aged male civil servants. Lancet 1974;469-73.

Rigotti NA, Arnsten JH, McKool KM, Wood-Reid KM, Pasternak RC, Singer et al. Efficacy of a smoking cessation program for hospital patients. Archives of Internal Medicine 1997;157(22):2653-60.

Slama K, Redman S, Perkins J, Reid AL, Sanson-Fisher RW. The effectiveness of two smoking cessation programmes for use in general practice: A randomised clinical trial. Br Med J 1990;300(6741):1707-9.

Stevens VJ, Severson H, Lictenstein E, Little SJ, Leben J. Making the most of a teachable moment: Smokeless tobacco intervention in the dental office setting. Am J Public Health 1995;85(2):231-5.

Taylor CB, Houston-Miller N, Haskell WL, DeBusk RF. Smoking cessation after acute myocardial infarction: The effects of exercise training. Addict Behav 1988;13(4):331-5.

Taylor CB, Houston-Miller N, Killen JD, DeBusk RF. Smoking cessation after acute myocardial infarction: Effects of a nurse-managed intervention. Ann Intern Med 1990;113(2):118-23.

Thompson B, Kinne S, Lewis FM, Woolridge JA. Randomized telephone smoking-intervention trial initially directed at blue-collar workers. Monogr Natl Cancer Inst 1993;(14):105-12.

Tiffany ST, Martin EM, Baker TB. Treatments for cigarette smoking: An evaluation of the contributions of aversion and counseling procedures. Behav Res Ther 1986;24(4):437-52.

Tongas PN. The Kaiser-Permanente smoking control program: Its purpose and implication for and HMO. Prof Psychol 1979;409-17.

Vetter NJ, Ford D. Smoking prevention among people aged 60 and over: A randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing 1990;19(3):164-8.

Weissfeld JL, Holloway JL. Treatment for cigarette smoking in a Department of Veterans Affairs outpatient clinic. Arch Intern Med 1991;151(5):973-7.

Wilson D, Wood G, Johnston N, Sicurella J. Randomized clinical trial of supportive follow-up for cigarette smokers in a family practice. Can Med Assoc J 1982;126(2):127-9.

Windsor RA, Lowe JB, Bartlett EE. The effectiveness of a worksite self-help smoking cessation program: A randomized trial. J Behav Med 1988;11(4):407-21.

Zelman DC, Brandon TH, Jorenby DE, Baker TB. Measures of affect and nicotine dependence predict differential response to smoking cessation treatments. J Consult Clin Psychol 1992;60(6):943-52.

Zhu SH, Stretch V, Balabanis M, Rosbrook B, Sadler G, Pierce JP. Telephone counseling for smoking cessation: effects of single-session and multiple-session interventions. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1996;64(1):202-211.

Return to Contents
Proceed to Next Table